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Home > Courses/Training > Operational Oceano
MDL COURSE 301: Survey of Operational Oceanographic Products
Version: 8-7-2014
THIS COURSE consists of numerous exercises to find and obtain operational oceanographic (OO) products (from various national and international agencies) and synthesize them into new products on a single software platform. Many products are only a few hours old, but a few are necessarily in the days- to week-old category, appropriate to time scales of the various ocean processes and sensor issues. Prior to the course, each student must read through a list of background articles in the IODE OceanTeacher Academy Digital Library. At the end of the course, each student is asked to send in a personal project presentation, if that option has been adopted.
Requires a minimum of a T-1 Internet connection at all times, due to heavy download activity and/or direct online connections to some OO servers.
Required Software (latest versions; Windows or Mac; 32-bit or 64-bit): Integrated Data Viewer (IDV), Google Earth
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1. Pre-course Reading
Please just try to get through prior to the course. The articles are not long, nor very technical. You don't need to follow the many links in the articles, unless you are curious about the subtopic.
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2. Integration of Marine Data Resources - Click on the chart to open a more readable version
Marine data management, quite simply, is a balancing act between the 3 major concepts: Formats, Software and Data. You need to become familiar with major resources in all categories, and how they work together. In years gone past, scientists had to slog through numerous format conversions (including writing necessary code) to make connections. But in recent years a small family of flexible formats, powerful computer programs and flexible online data sources have brought everything together.
This chart seems terribly complicated at first, but it will be explained during the course. Fortunately, you will be working within a relatively restricted part of the whole schema.
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Software
- Integrated Data Viewer (IDV) - right side
- Google Earth - right side
- Ocean Data View - left side
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Data Sources
- Operational Marine Resources - upper right
- Formats - As shown
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3. Preparation for the Exercises
You will become hopelessly lost within the short span of this course (1 or 2 weeks) and even in your own personal data collections, unless you adopt good data management practices. We strongly recommend the constant use of these elements:
- Folder Structure - Basic list of topics developed over 20 years of DM training. Author has 10 GB and ~4000 files just for Liberia training
- "Long" File Names
- parameter_
- date/time_
- depth/height_
- location_
- originator_
- provider_
- extras_
- No spaces, no hyphens, no caps (except T), include format in extras, if zipped
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4. Wind & Wave Products
This group includes both modeled and measured (by satellite) winds and waves. These topics were covered by the first Operational Oceanography workshop hosted by the OceanTeacher Academy, in 2009. The author promised then to write the exercises you see here, and has kept them available and updated ever since.
As far as possible, older "download" methods have been replaced with state-of-the-art THREDDS or OPeNDAP direct connection methods for rapid data access without visualizing unnecessary locations and times in the original products.
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5. Satellite Data for Temperature (SST), Optics/Color, Salinity (SSS), Ice, Surface Height (SSH), Visible Imagery, Productivity and Currents
SCALARS ONLY: All of these parameters are scalar quantities (although there are some ice motion products published by most international ice monitoring centers) from satellites.
- Temperature - Involves some of the excellent GHRSST analyses, which have standardized and improved SST products
- Optical Properties & Pigments - Several options, with preference for the quickest delivery
- Salinity - Only available during the past 2 years; still low resolution and somewhat slow to be published, but really interesting
- Ice - May be unfamiliar to many oceanographers, but extremely important for climate and commercial (i.e. shipping) concerns
- Surface Height - Monitoring of meso-scale circulation features, and providing the geostrophic component of surface current estimates
- MODIS Image Subsets - Near-real-time visible imagery of world regions, georeferenced for use in Google Earth and GIS also
- Primary Productivity - A true Level 4 product, because it is based on multiple L3 products and modeling
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6. Profile and Trajectory Data from Drifters (Argo) and Buoys (GDP)
The constant presence of over 1000 surface drifters (Global Drifter Program/GDP) and 3000 Program Argo profiling floats (both types having S, T and other parameter sensors) is like having an enormous fleet of oceanographic ships constantly surveying the earth's seas. All the data from these platforms are being received, managed and delivered to us through rapid dissemination systems. These exercises can access the resulting data:
- Argo: Drifting float profiles are available from 2 GODAE centers in the USA and the Coriolis center in France. The Coriolis sources is preferred, due to its setup which clearly caters to the needs of real-world scientists, i.e. selection by time and location and easily usable delivery format (NetCDF). Attempts to display aggregate Argo data in IDV have so far failed, excepting via a laborious path through ODV. Currently ODV presentation is the easiest way to work with these data quickly and easily.
- GDP: Data are immediately accessible, both as cumulative surface drift vectors for geographic quads, and as single-buoy trajectories. Easily plotted trajectories in IDV are described in the exercise given here.
At present, the largest body of marine data in global archives is already from these programs, outstripping traditional sources such as ocean cruises. Marine scientists have to learn more about these data and use them effectively, ASAP.
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7. Scalars & Vectors from Ocean Models
Ocean models range over all spatial scales, from ponds to the world ocean, many involving the assimilation of near-real-time data to drive and/or nudge the model calculations toward truth.
- "Data Assimilating" Models - True operational oceanography elements, whether they produce only diagnostic "now casts," forecasts, or both.
- Model Products - Potential users of model results (commonly, but strictly incorrectly called data) must be cognizant of the model capabilities (i.e. read up on it), and explore the many types of products from it. These products can occupy extremely complex "trees" of folders and files, according to the types of model runs, the inputs, the times, and the geographic regions. Use these files at your risk if you don't take the time to understand exactly what is published.
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8. Parallel Use of Google Earth for Visualization
Google Earth (GE) is an extremely popular platform for data display, and even personal data discovery due to its global imagery capability. Many scientists might not think hihgly of it, but it has become an essential part of the earth science process.
- KML Format: GE can display most basic image formats. When accompanied by an appropriately written georeferencing file in KML format, the image can be plotted correctly on the earth surface. Just open the KML file in GE to see the image.
- KMZ Format: The image and the KML file together can be zipped into a KMZ couple, thus keeping them together, and this KMZ file can be opened directly in GE. Because this display method is based on an original image, greatly enlarging it can cause pixilation and distortion.
- KML Vectors: KML files can also hold vector information, just like a shape in regular GIS. This means that KML is the only format that is both an Auxiliary Format (for use with images) and a Vector Format
- Making KML Outside GE: IDV and Saga can export images with KML files (as KMZ couples). Only Saga can export KML files of vectors/shapes
- Making KML Inside GE: GE has a function to create KML files by digitizing directly on georeferenced images.
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